Apache(tm) FOP: XSL- FO Input. Basic Help for Using XML, XSLT, and XSL- FOOverview.
It is the responsibility of the user to make sure that the XSL- FO submitted to FOP is correct. The tutorial items presented here are not comprehensive, but are of the FAQ variety. Another good FAQ is Dave Pawson's XSL FAQ. XML Issues. Remember that HTML is an SGML document type.
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SGML has a limited character set, which requires it to use character entities to represent special characters. One of the improvements of XML over SGML (and thus HTML) is native support for Unicode. Basic XML has only a handful of character entities, primarily because it doesn't really need more. Entities such as & uuml; (u with an umlaut), which work in HTML, will be flagged as undefined entities unless you define them yourself in your DTD.
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In this article, Nick Afshartous illustrates a way to convert HTML content to PDF, a function that would prove useful, for example, in a Web application that has the 'Download as PDF' feature on some of its pages.
Use the corresponding Unicode character instead. A list of predefined HTML entities and their Unicode codepoints can be found at Character entity references in HTML 4. One common example is & nbsp; , used to obtain a non- breaking space in HTML. In XML, use & #1.
For other non- ASCII characters, such as the Euro symbol, checkbox, etc., see the Unicode Reference By Name document that is found at the Unicode Consortium site. After finding the correct Unicode codepoint to represent the character, use XML Character References to put the character into your source XML, XSLT or FO. See the non- breaking- space comments above for an example of the syntax using decimal notation. The following hexadecimal example will result in a Euro sign: & #x. AC; Getting your XML correctly encoded is only part of the job. If you want the character to display or print correctly (and you probably do), then the selected font must contain the necessary glyph.
Because of differences between font encoding methods, and limitations in some font technologies, this can be a troublesome issue, especially for symbol characters. The FOP example file Base- 1. Font Character Mapping is a very useful resource in sorting these issues out for the Base- 1. For other fonts, use font editing sofware or operating system utilities (such as the Character Map in most Windows platforms) to determine what characters the font supports.
An alternative to encoding the character and making it available through a font is to use an embedded graphic to represent the character: GIF, PNG, SVG, etc. Entity Characters. These are needed to distinguish markup tags from content, and to distinguish character entities from content. To avoid parser complaints about illegal characters and entities in your input, ensure that ampersands in text and attributes are written as & amp; , .
It is not necessary everywhere, but it is wise to do so anyway, just to be sure. Most XML parsers will provide a line number and sometimes a column number for offending characters. Review the XML Specification or a good tutorial for details of the XML file format. Encoding Issues. See the XSL FAQ for additional information. Many software packages that produce XML, including XSLT processors, use UTF- 8 encoding as a default. If you view their output with something not aware of the encoding, like Notepad for Win.
ME/NT, funny characters are displayed. However, in some cases, XSLT can be used to place the current date and time into the XSL- FO document as it is generated.
One possibility is to use the exslt date and time extension. Another possibility is to use java or javascript (or perhaps some other language). Here is an example, using java, that works with Xalan.
First, create the appropriate namespace: < xsl: stylesheetversion=. Here is an example template: < xsl: templatematch=. See display- align Compliance for implementation status. Here is a small, self- contained document centering an image on a page: < ? Just remove the last table- column element which causes all the left- over space not used by the columns with a fixed column- width to be assigned to the first column which effectively right- aligns the table. Recto/Verso Static Content Differences. For example, you may wish to place the page number on the .
There are examples in the FO distribution and in the XSL FAQ FO section. First, define a page master with alternating pages masters for odd and even pages. Then specify appropriate regions in these page masters, giving them different names. Use these names to put different static content in these regions.
Here is a self- contained demonstration: < ? Alternatively, use a page master referring to different page masters for the first page and the rest. Here is a code sample: < ? A blank page can be forced by using break- before=. This allows you to specify static content for blank pages (by definition, a page is blank if no content from a flow is rendered on the page). Omit your normal headers and footers, and use (for example) an extended header to print the .
The XSL- FO specification provides some properties for this: white- space- collapse and linefeed- treatment. In FOP, use white- space- collapse=. For example, you might wish to show the page number on the first page as being . First, the page- sequence: < fo: page- sequenceid=.
You can only get page numbers. The FOP library provides a method to get the total page count after an FO document has been rendered.
One possibility is to implement your own wrapper to do a dummy rendering, inquire the total page count and then perform the real rendering, passing the total page count to the XSLT processor to splice it into the generated FO. For example: importorg. Defining a certain body region does not automatically constrain other regions. Instead, this has to be done explicitly. Sometimes for creative reasons it may be desirable to have the regions overlap. Otherwise, you will want to set them up so that the header does not overlap body content or the body extend into the footer.
Assuming you wish to keep the regions separate, if you have a header region with an extent of 2. Otherwise the header content may overwrite some stuff in the body region.
This applies similarly to the extent of the after region and the bottom margin of the body region. Drawing Lines. There are several possibilities: Horizontal lines can be drawn using fo: leader. Use a solid border on a suitable fo: block. This will work for horizontal and vertical lines only. Insert a graphic. GIF, PNG SVG, whatever.
Validating XSL- FO. This document can be used either to validate against the FO standard, or against the actual FOP implementation. See the notes near the beginning of the document for instructions on how to use it. Producing landscape pages. This is defined in the standard at Section 5.
Property Datatypes, which includes a link to the URI standard itself. Refer to the XSL- FO and URI standards themselves for more detailed instructions.
URIs may be either absolute or relative to a base URI. Here is an example referencing an external- graphic that is relative to the base URI: < fo: external- graphicsrc=.